This project investigates the absence of just energy transition commitments in China’s diplomatic relations with Southeast Asian countries. Taking China’s investment in Indonesia’s nickel industry as a case study, it examines the implications for the archipelago’s fossil fuel demand and its transition to cleaner energy.

Author: Prof Enjiang Cheng Digital technological innovations have fundamentally transformed the design and delivery of financial products and services. FinTech (financial technologies) has the potential to reduce transaction costs and credit risks in rural and agricultural lending, thereby alleviating the severe credit rationing faced by many smallholders in less developed countries (LDCs). This paper examines […]

Assessment: Partially successful Hunan Xuanye Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. (湖南炫烨生态农业发展有限公司), operating in Laos through its subsidiary 炫烨（老挝）有限公司, is one of the most politically recognised Chinese private agricultural enterprises in Laos. Its core achievement is institutional: in 2015, China approved Xuanye as the sole enterprise authorised to facilitate Lao rice entering the Chinese market, with […]